puening



Jan. s, 1929. 1,698,349

F. PUENING APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING CARBONACEUS MATERIAL Fi1ed Feb.23`,y 1923 s sheets-sheet 1 fig] Jan. 8, 192.9. 1,698,349

F. lPUENIN'G APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Filed Feb.23 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2- Jan. 8, 1929.

F PUENING APPARATUS FOR ms'uLLlNG cARBoNAcEoUs MATERIAL Filed Feb. 23 1%3 Sh'eets-Sheet -3 z/eyz to?? n I i l Patented Jani 8, 1929.

1,698,349 vPATENT OFFICE.

:FRANZ PUENING, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

` 'APPARATUS Foa DIs'riLLiNG' cARBoNACEoUs MATERIAL.

Application filed February 23, 1923. Serial No. 620,556.

v This invention relates to the art of distilling :carbonaceousmaterial, such as lignite, shale."peat or bituminous coal.' An object ofthe-invention'is to effect'the distillation of suchl material atloWtemperatures, with a rapid .transfer of the distil-ling heat`to theinaterial.fbeing distilled, and without'anyv necessity for employing theexpensive heating surfaces heretofore required because of the slow andineicient heat transfer of prior `loW temperaturedistillation practice.The

invention therefore provides an entirely satisfactory: flow temperaturedistillation, and yet eliminates expensive retort constructions,

i' with 'tl ieii"v attendant high cost of maintenance.

In addition. to the gi'eneral objects vrecited above, the invent-ion hasfor further objects lsuch other improvements and advantages in operationand results as may be found to vobtain in the processes or apparatusherein-- after described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawingr forming a.

part of this specification and showing, for purposes of exemplication,one form of apparatiisfor carrying` out the improved low temperaturedistillation of the present linvention, but without limiting the claimedinventio'n specifically to such illustrativeinstance;

Figure 1 isa transverse vertical sectional viewof alow temperaturedistillation :1p-

paratus constructed 4in accordance with the invention. i

Figure 2 is a longitudinal view of the ap- L parat-us, partlyinsection-and partly in elevation.

Figure-3 is a longitudinal sectional View on an enlarged scale. y

In 'its present embodiment, the invention isfapplied to the lowtemperature distillation of bituminous coal.- For convenience. theensuing description will be'confined to this application of theinvention. The novel' 'features and. improvements of the invention are,however, applicable to the distillation of other carbonaceous material,for example, -to -any ofthe other materials hereinabove mentioned hence.the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific use andspecific embodiment herein described asV an illustrative example.

Inj carrying .out the'invention. there are employed, -as the medium foreffecting the transfer of the .distilling` heat to the-materialto bedistilled, bodies of a substance of high 4enough heat conductivity toeffect a rapid transferof the distilling heat to the material, forexample, bituminous coal. It is preferable, however, to employ metalhea-t transfer bodies, iron, in any one of its several forms, beingespecially suitable because of its Great specific weight, its high heatconductivity, its good Wearing` qualities, its'resistance todeterioration whenA subjected to rapid temperature changes and theinfluence of hot gases, and lastl'y, because of its cheapness. Theinvention, however, is not limited to the employment of iron as thematerial for the heat transfer bodies. In form.\the heat transfer bodiesmay be in the shape of bricks, pebbles, balls, slabs, plates', cubes, orany other form or shape as Amay be best suitable to meet the exigenciesof the commercial practiceof the invent-ion.

These heat transfer bodies are exposed to. the action of hot gases tostore in them the heat which is subsequently employed for ef- 'fectinfrthe distillation of the material. Any `hot gases may be employed,provided that they are not of such a nature as to readily 'injure theheat transfer bodies. In any case,

. of'well burned gases.' Without unduly exposinfr the iron todeterioration. I

With iron heat transfer bodies, for example, heated to a surfacetemperature of 1400o F., distillation of the coal may be effected by'bringing the' coal into direct contact with such hot heat transferbodies. The coal to be distilled may be -either at ordinary atmospherictemperature, prior to the time of .contact with the heat transferbodies, or may be preheated, if desired. At the moment of contact, coalquickly absorbs the peak of the heat stored in the surface of the heatltransfer body and in the portions of vsuch body just be-v low itssurface. The particles of the coal in.

contact with the heattransfer bodies are thus rapidly heated, the heatpenetrating into the interior of thecoal. During the heating up stage. adry skin of coke is formed onthe coal, thereby permitting readyseparation of the coal from the heat transfer bodies at the completionof the distillation operation. As 'the heat transfer from the bodies tothe coal progrosses. the flow ot' heat into the coal diminishes in rate,along with the approaclrof the` coal and the heat transfer bodies intoan ,equililn'iui'n of temperature. In order to avoid an impracticalsion-'ing up ofthe heat transfer, after the initial rapid beatabsorption bythe coal, the weight of theheat trans-Y fer bodiesemployed, with respect to the coal being distilled, is regulated so thatthe storage capacity forheat of the heattransferbodies is in excessofthe heat required to bring the coal to the required final temperature.The final texn'perature varies, of course, with differentcoals, andwiththe other materials available for treatment by the distillationprocess of theinvention. -For many of such materials, however, a.satisfactory filial tern perature l'is approximately a thousand degrecsF. and the process of low temperature distillation would be coi'npletedvat'th-at temperature. It requires about 400 B. t. u. per pound ofmaterial, in order to heat eommer` cial grades of ,bituminous `coal to afinal teui perature of a thousand degrees F. In order to attain sucha'nall temperature, a maximum temperature drop of the ironheattransfeim.

bodies` from i400o F, to a thousand degrees l".

A arr-es l?. Inasmueh as 400,13. t. u. a

is availrdileA Between 14:000 F. and a thousand degrees F., iron,forexainple, has a specific. heat of approximately 0.148. Therefore,1400-1000 0.1}1S=i9. l. t. u.are 'freed for absorption hv the coal` whenone pound of iron drops from 1400? F. to a (hoi quired for one pound ofcoal, L10U-divided by 59 equals Gif pounds of iron which are required tofurnish suliieient heatfor elevating one pound of coal to a'tiaaltemperature of approximately 1000o F. In order-to com-1 peiisate for theslowing d own ofthe heat transfer. above explained, it is preferable. toemploy approximate-ly twice as much iron as the theol-eti al iiiinimum,which'would be. approximately 14 'poundsiof iron for each pound ol Coalto be distilled. The far greater weight of iron per' unit volume ascompared.

`with the saine volume of coal makes the relatire volumes of the twomaterials quite rapa-I ble of being` handled practicilly. For example,bituminous coal weighs approximately 50 One square foot of ess wouldtherefore v it only MT pounds. A This coal mightv le; brought intorantart with a square foot. of hoi iron, the larr ueigliii'ig fourteentimes a's much as il:Il simi-,or a tota-l of 58.2 pounds. .-`\n ironplaie one foot sfp-rareof the same wright has an approximate thifkuessof only Vone and one-halt 'inches lli' preheating the-Coal' or drying itbefore bringingv the coal. into Contact with the hot iron, the ainountofheat' required for the disltillation profess may bematerially reduced.

This would permit'the lprocess to he carried on with a-sinallerquant-ity of iron.. .Even

when preheating ofthe coal i'senipioyed, it is preferable to employ.enough iron in order that the heat-available for distillation-'be abouttwice the amount ofthe theoretical minimum.

According to the prjesenteinb'odiment of the invention, theheat'trans'ferbodies or-heating walls are moved through a heating regionor zone and then througha'eoking` and distillation zone. In the heatingregiomcoking heat `is imparted to said bodies,VA and,. after the propertemperature .has 'been attained, the bodies are progressed to aVcharging' station where the spaces between them are filled ,with thematerial to be coked. .'Tliereaftein the bodies a rr progressed throughlthe (foking and distillation zone, in vWhiohzth'e. coling ofthematerial is effected by the transfer thereto 'of 'heatprei-'iouslystored in said bodies, duringij their progress through. the heat-ingzone. At

the completion of the coking stage, the coke is ol' the .side walls 12,and vthe vtop 13, alleoii- .slrurted preferably -4 ot' refractory`niaterial :uid arranged to provide an interiorhamher or retort 14. Theehamber-14 is divided intoA the heatingr zone or chamber H Aand the-col'ing and distillation Zone or Chamber CJ ll lending longitudinallythrough the i retort- -h`ainber 14 is a horizontaljshaft 15 con. itutinga part of-the rotary 'carrier for the heat transfer bodies. Loeated atinteri-'als along the peripheral portion-'ofsaid carrier and extendingparallel with the' airis of the shaft 1.5" are the supportinglongitudinal beams 1'6 for theheat Vtransfer bodies. Ac# cording to theprent embodiment of vthe invention, the heat transfer, bodies'arecnnstit-uted of blades: or tine ev17, madepreferably of a metal of highheat conductivity, siich iron, and' supported;ontlie bottom ammi-)eis 19and carrier beams 16 vin suoli manner-as to provide on thecarrieraseriesof continu-'- ousl spaced tins oriblades with intervmediatecontiguous na'rtow'.annular-wiring chambers 18. The seriesof ,continuonsspaced the supporting beams. *l/Yliatever be tben'iodr of a enilily ofthe kheat transfer'bodies.

pf'eferable that they bev so constructed. and arranged as toprovldeclosed bottoms 19 for the intermediate cokrng chambers-1S,

Cil

As shown in the drawings, the blades or fins are secured in place by thescrew `bolts 44 (Fig. 1) inserted in the bolt holes 45 (Fig. 3)extending through the beams 1G and bottom members 19, said members 19being plates extending between the beams 1G (Fig. 1) and from side toside of the carrier 2 and 3). Each. such member 19 supports a group ofblades or fins 17 of equal height and thick-v ness` (Figs. 2 and 3) toconstitute a heating element, the succession of such heating elements orgroups arranged around the carrier thus providing a number of continuousparal-l lel bands or annular heating walls spaced laterally -from eachother to forni a series of parallel continuous annular carbonizing cham.

bers. The supporting beams 16-are secured to hubs 2() keyed on the shaft15, by the radially extending spokes 21. These spokes may, if. desired,be yieldably connected to said beams 16 by the links 22 pivoted at.their opposite ends ,to said spokes and supporting beams. This yieldablelink construction permits substantially free expansion or contraction ofthe peripheral portiony of the carrier, when exposed to uctuations pftemperature.

As shown 1n Flg. l, the rotary carrier with the peripheral heat transferbodies or blades is disposed so that a portionr of the blades is locatedwithin the heating chamber, while the remainingr rtion is in the cokingand distilling cham er. The carrier-is rotated,

. preferably continuously, on the horizontal axis 15, and, such rotationis elective to cause the blades on the periphery of the carrier totravel continuously throu the heating zone and the coking and distilllngzone. The ends of the retort chamber are closed by the removable closureplates 23, the latter surrounding the opposite ends of the carrier shaft15 and being held in place by the removable bolt and spring connections,designated generally by the referencey character 24. As a part of saidfastening devices 24, seals 25 are preferably provided :for the purposeof preventing the escape of gases from lthe retort chamber.

By the rotar movement of the carrier, theAY thin narrow co ing chambers18 disposed intermediate the heat transfer bodies 17 pass to a chargingstation S located at the top of the retort; lThe charging station isconstituted of a hopper 26 elongated -in the direc- Ition of the shaft15 and provided with a co-exte'nding chute 27 through which thecoke-formiiig.material deposited in the hopper may be conveyed to anddistributed inl the coking spaces 18 between vthe preheated bodies 17.Located just vbeyond thehopper 'chute 27, in the 'direction of movementof the carrier, is a leveler bar 28 which is pivotally suspended fromthesupporting links 20 so as to seat. yieldably on theperipheryof the heat:transfer bodies and level the charges of coke-forming material in thespaces between them. From the leveler bar28 the charges of materialbetween the blades 17 pass into the coking and distilling chamber C.During such passage, the charges of material, such as pulverized coal,are coked as a result of the heat transfer between the vpreheated bodiesand the'coah The gases and products of the distillation may pass out ofthe chamber C through the distillate outlet 30, from which such productsmay bel disposed of as desired. For example, the gaseous products anddistillates may be subjected to treatment in by-product recoveryapparatus. In order to prevent the coking material from fallingA outfrom between the blades 17 as it travels around with the carrier, thereis provided a shield or apron 31 conforming in shape to the periphery-ofthe carrier and suitably hung so as to swing toward the carrier, by thesuspension links 32 and the lower supporting members 33. The coking ofthe material will have been completed when it arrives at the bottom ofthe chamber C. Here, it is discharged as coke from between the blades17. In order to insure discharge of the completed coke, a number ofpoker bars or coke ejectors 34 are arranged in comb-'like fashion with/their upper ends extending into the spaces between the blades 17 to digout the coke. These poker bars 34 are secured to a longitudinal barmember 35, which also acts as a seal for separating the distillatechamber C from the heating chamber H, at the point of coke discharge.The supporting bar 35 and with it the poker bars 34 is mounted on aresilient support 36 which acts to thrust the poker bars 34 yieldinglyupward into the spaces bet een the heat transfer plates 17 Acounterweighted lever and link mechanism 37 permits the poker bars 34 tobe lowered from between the plates 17, wheneverdesired. The e ke discharged from between the plates 17 s into a hopper 38 which guides thecoke to arotary discharger 39 and coke discharge chute 40.

' From the discharging station D, the heat transfer bodies are againcarried by the rowill not enter the heating chamber and commingle withthe heating gases. Should a small quantity of the heating gases passover into the distilling chamber, no material harm would result, but thesaid gases would merely act as a carrier to assist the discharge of thedistillate. However. the passage ol anymaf terial quantity ot` thi`heating' gases into the distilling chamber C isvsubstantially preventedby the mass of materialbelow the feeding station 27 and, at thedischargingstation, by

the residue material or" coke jamming against the poker bars,'thematerial, in both instances,

^ forming seals that separate the heating chain- "ber from the'distilling or earbonizing chamber. v

The maximum depth to which the poker bars 34' may enter the Spacesbetween the heat transfer plates 17l is determined by the stop 23.1provided at the top of the support 35. This stop 35i rides` on the'peripheral edges ot said platesl i? and prevents the poker bars fromkpfnclraling too deeply and getting jammed.v

lVhen shale or other material which does not form colic treated bythe'process of the present invention. the residue/Will be dis charged atthe discharging. station in the same manner as the coke. The inventionas hereinabove set torth may be variously embodied within -lhc scope otthe claims hereinafter made.

The invention as` herein described or claimed is a continuation in partot my prior application for Letters Patent of the United States forVslillinif ce f terials, 535,790.

I claim sift 1. In a coin' 1' a mara'tus in combination:

a retort, enclosure divided into chambers res ectivel constitutinoaheatiner chamber and a. cokinp; chamber; a carrier rotatably mounted ona horizontal axis Within said enclosure for movement through saidheatingr chamber a d d cobing chambe g a plurality ot char receiving andcollina com iartments disi al on the iiieriphe f n? said carrierl andliavinfr heating Walls 'forming relatively narrow olfing spaces: meansfor charging said mipartiiieiits ai'ter the heatingl Walls hai. beenraised to a col-:ingl tem*n perature in said hl rotating said carni.charging the coked material trom said compartinents after 4the sainehave been moved through Said cokingrchamber and prior to their entranceto said heating chai ber: sub4 stantiallyas specific-rl.

2. In a Cokin; apparatus. in combination: a. retort enclosuredivii'ledinlo chiamo-ers respectively 'cmistituting a heating; .hambcrand :i rotting' chambcita carrier mounted l'or nmvement through saidheatingy chambei ansi lsaid coliing` chamber ,so as to le at all timesdisposed partially in said hezi ,i chamber and partially in said cokingchamber. cokincj receptacles on said carrier having` heath. Wallsformino: relatively narrow u spaces.1nea1is for imparting;Y heat to saidhea"- ing chamber only, means vtor chargi tiallj.,v as specified.

L chamber; means fori; and means for dis-' YLeognan said coking chamberto impart heat absorbed only in the heating chamber, and means fordischarging the coked material Yfrom said receptacles Aal'ter theirmovement through said eoking chamber; substantially as specitied.

3. ln a colingr apparatus. in combination: a retort `nclosure dividedinto chambers re.- spectivcly constituting; a heatingl chamber and f1cutting chamber; a rotary cylindrical carrier mounted on a. horizontalaxis t'or movement through said heating chamber and said colvinn chamberso as to be at all times disposed partially in said heating` chamberangl partially in said cokin;l chamber; spaced blad,y on said carrierproviding relatively narrov.v intermediate cokingi' spaces; means i'orchargindsaid intcrimdiatc rpaccs with material to be cooiicd means't'ormoving said carrier successivelyy through said heating' chamber and saidcolring chamber; and means f 'charging means comprising spaced pokerbars projected between said blades; substani. ln a wiring apparatus, inc `imbinationz u retort enclosure divided into chambers respectivelycontituting;4 a heating chamber and a colging chamber; ya rotarycylindrical .carrier mounted on va. horizontal axis {or} movementthrough said heating chamber and said linking' chamber so as to be atyall times .disposed partially in said' heating chamber and Apart'iallyin4 said coking chamber; spaced blades on said carrier. providingrelatively narrow intermediate coking spaces; means tor charging saidintermediate spaces with material to be colied: means for moving saidcarrier successively through said heating chamber to absorb heat `andsaid coking chamber toimpart heat absorbed only in the heatingr chamber;and means tor discharging the coked material from said intermediate4spaces after their movement through said coking` chamber; Substantiallyas specitied.

i. ,i 'l isjtilling apparatuscomprising', in`

combination: a carrierv rotatable ona horizontal axis and provided `with,circumferential kgrom'es, Imeans for heatingl the ,walls 'ot saidgri'iovcs, means tor tending; by gravity the malcrialto lgieydistilledlinto said grooves, and ejecl'ois entering then'roovcs tor removing' theresidue altcr the distillation; .subi santiailj.' as spccilicd. v' y Adistilling apliaratus ciunprisingr, iii combination a carrier rotatable'on a horizontal axis and provided with circiunlerenftial grooves, meansfor heatingY the Walls of colone' "l grooves. means t'or feeding'lhcmaterial lo ne distilled into said grooves, and ejectors entering thegrooves tor removing the residue ,after the distillation; substantiall)as speciv tied.- y l 7. A distilling apparatus comprisingt 1nVcombination: a. rotatable carrier havlng spaced' ribs providing groovesto receive `the material to be. distilled, means for feeding suchmaterial into said grooves. means for leveling the material, an apronfor prevent- ,entering the groovesv for removing the lresidue tor intosaid grooves';.substantially asspeci 4after thev distillation;substantially `as specitied. v y

8; A distilling apparatus comprising,in 'coml'iinatio'n a rotatablecarrier having the material to be distilled, meansforheating said. ribs,means forfeedin'g 'such material.V

into said grooves, yieldably'f supported ejectors'enteringthe groovesfor removing the 'residue after'tfhe distillation, and means for' a9. Inapparatus for distillation lof's01id carbonaceous material, particularlyfor low temperature .carbonizat-ion, inveombination:

a'distillation" chamber; a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies;means for heating said. 'solid bodies'outsidejof said vdistillation chamber td`tl1e requisite temperatue'to impart coking heat to a 'charge inthe distillation chamber; means for introducing intothe distillation,chamber` such lpreviously' heated solid; bodies in'such volume as toeiect the dis-.

` g, tl1ati0n; 'and means for separating said solid bodiesa'ndthecarbon'a'ceousmatter distilled.

f 10..In a cokingl apparatus, lin combination .axlisti-ll-ationchamber;a heating chamber; .means for heating saidfheating chamber.;- a chain ofbottom 'members Kadapted to.

pass through said distillation chamber and throughy said heating chamberand having vertically ,extending parallel` heat'storing 'ribs extendingoutwardly therefrom; means' adapted to move saidfchain of bottom members and their lribs,- .throu-gh' said distillation chamberrthereitoimpartfstored coking heat to material to becarbonized in contactWithsaid members'. and ribs, and to move them through said heatingchamber to store cokin'g i he'at; and means. adjacent the lentrance ofsaid 'bottoni members .into said distiljling.

- chamber for 'deliveringx'naterial to` be di s.y

aus

tilled tosa-id bottom members 'betweenksaid 11. Apparatus 'as yclaimedAin cla-ini 10 and in which the chain ofI bottomlmembers havingvertically extendin `parallel heat storing ribs is'"constituted"o aplurality of heating elements, 'each .element consisting 'of a ofparallel ribs supported -on a base group s memoer, each element .bemgconnected with the means formovmg the chain through the f chambers.

13. Apparatus as claimed in claim-10 and -v i in ivhich the bottommembers close the spaces -betweeli the ribs 'and are interposed betweenthe ribsmand the means for moving the chain 'through the `distillationchamber and the heating chamber', whereby the base members prevent -coalland heating mediu'm fromcoming in contact wi th the means for movingthe chain through said members. .'14v. 1n a coke oven, v1n combination:a heating chamber; means for heating said heating chamber; acokinvchamber; series of thick heat transfer' bodles of high heat capacity andconductivityarra'nged side'by side and spaced from each other to provideintermediate 'narrow coking spaces; said series of heat transferbodiesbeing mounted for movement incircuit through said heating chamberand said'coking chamber, a portion of said series of heat transferbodies beingmovably disposed svithin said heating chamber and anotherportion ofv said series of heat transfer; bodies movahly disposed insaid coking chamber; and means adapted `to move said series of heattransfer bodies in circuit through said chambers; whereby said heattransfer bodies may store coking heat while in said heating chamber andimpart such stored heat while inY said c'oking chamber.

15. Apparatus as 4claimed in claim 14 and in which the side by sideheattransfer bodies are of equal height and thickness relative to eachother and are equallyspaced from each other.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 and in Whichthe side by side heattransfer bdies arev arranged to provide a -plurality ofv parallel spacedbands connected together to travel together andin parallel and invertical planes through the heating chamber and the distillationchamber.Y I 17. A JAlovv temperature carbonizin ap aratus comprising, incombination: a eatlng chamber a carbonizing chamber; a vplu,-

tical parallel-planes; means a apted'to carry said platesin said planessuccessively through.

said heating chamberto .heat them 'up t0 above carbonizing temperatureand through y rdistilled; and av second lstructural unit' comprisingmeans for feeding said material into saidgrooves and for leveling it, anapronl f or distilling apparatus, in combina-` through .ralityvoi'fthiclr heat transfer plates of high heat capacity and conductivitset up in' ver-l 6V Lee-enea tion: a rotatably mounted series of von'.

tinuous` annular heating` walls lorated laterH allyT of eat-h oi lierand spared i'roiu eaeh other so as to proride a series ot continuousaunular Carlionixing; ehainleul adapted to lie ro tated; heating;l meansi'or heating Asaid heat'- ing walls; hopper uieaus4 'for'continuouslysupplying material lo ne earhonized to eaeh of said earliouiziultrelaniliersy ,siiuultane-f ously; mea ns extending into'eaeh et saidearbonizing' chambers for continuously removing earbonized materiali'roni earh ot said chambers simultaneously; a fasinp; surrounding saidseries of continuous annular heating walls and carbonizing Chambers-andadapte to eolleet rases developed vfrom material hein" earloonizedWithin said earlionizing; Cham-v loes ,said rotatablymounted series ofcontinuous annular heating Walls and earbonizing' chambers forming astrait-'tural unit and said means for continuouslyA supplying, saiglmeans for continuously removing and saif` easing, forming aseeondstructural unit; and means for rotating said sei-irs of eontin nousannular heating Walls and earlionizineY chambers relatively to thesecond struetu `al unit.

20. In a earloonizingl retort, in combination: a series of Continuousannular heating' walls located laterally of each othen and spaced fromeach other so as to provide a series of Continuous annular earlionizinglchambers; heating means tor heating;` said Walls; hopper means forcontinuously supplying material to be earbonized to eaeh ot' saidcarhonizinci,r lchambers simultaneouslyg means extendingY into each ofsaid ear-honining chambers for continuously removing' earbonizedAmaterial from each of said ehanihers simultaneously; a easmgsurrounding said series of heating;` Walls and earbonizinpY rhambers andadapted to Collect gasesdereloped from material being earlionized Withinsaid earbonizina' chambers; said series ot continnous annularheatingzwalls and earbonizine chambers forming a structural unit andsaid means for eon'tinuousl \v supplying, said means for eontinuousl;Vremoving and saiu r-asingforming a second structural unit and means forrotatingr one ot the structural ui; i1 s relatively to the other.

2l. In a carbonizing retort, in Cointrin: tion: a rotatably mountedseriesof Contin nous annular heating` Walls located laterall)` ol" eaeiiother and spaced ronieaeh other so as to provide f seriestcontinuousannular ea/rlionixinj; chambers adapted to le rotated; heating means forheating said heatingi walls; hopper ineans'for eonti'numisiv sup pluringmaterial to' lie Carboni/,ed to eheh oi said earhonizinji Chamberssunniti;neouslrg meansy mdeudiugQ into eat-,h of said rarbonixingreliainlirrs tor Continuouslyv reinoriiigg eax honizwl material tronie'aeh of .saidrliauiliiers simultaneouslyg. a easing*surroundingY saidseries oi eontinuous annular heating wallsI and -earhonixingeliamhersand adapted to eolleet gases developed 'trom material heingj earliouizedWithin said ,Carboniyiiug;` eliani hers, and lereler nieans extendingWithin sa id easing in position `for pressing within eaeh of the saidearlwnizing ehamliers ear 'honizaiile niaterial newly supplied therein;

said rotatahhY mounted series otroutiuuous annular heating,r walls andearboniaine,v chainbers formingr a structural r ait and said means forcontinuously supplying, said inea-ns for eontinuoursly remorinf'g, saideasing,r and said leveler means, terminer a second strueturalunit; andmeans Yl'or rotating' said series oi Continuous annular heatingY Wallsand earlionizingr ehamhers relatirelv to the second structural unit. I u

Q2. ln a earlionizing. retort, in Combination: a'series of continuousannular heatingrv walls loeateddaterallfy of eaeli other and sparedtroni 4each other so as to provide a series of continuous annular.-earlionizing Chambers; heating; means for heatingr `said ieating Walls;hopper meansior eontiinr ously supplyingY material to be earhonized toearh of said earlionizing chambers simult aneouslrv means extending intoeaeh'ot said ear bonizing' chambers for eontinuouslvremoving' Carhonizedmaterial from yeaeli ot said ehainlirrs simultaneously; a easingsurroundinpj ,id' series ot heating;v Walls and earhon izing chambersand adapted to collet-t rases developed' vfrom material being earliouzwlwithin said earbonizingl chambers; and lereler means extending Withinsaid easinf in position for pressing Within each-ot the saidearlionixing chambers' earbonizalile material newly supplied therein;said series et continuous annular heating Walls and earlioniziue'chambersforming a' structural unit and said means for continuouslysupplying, said means for `wntinuously removing, said rasing and saidlereler means, termina a second struftural unit; and means for rotatingone of the structural units relatirel)Y to the other.

la testimony n'liereo [iV I have hereunto set my hand.

FRANZ PUEN ING.

